The juice of sour cherries is used in the formulation of cherry syrup as a vehicle for unpleasant-tasting drugs. By the early 1900s, the US sour cherry industry was flourishing countries of eastern and central Europe continue to be the primary culinary source. By the mid-1800s, cherries were being cultivated in Oregon, with the first commercial cherry orchard planted in the late 1800s.
In 70 AD, the Roman naturalist Pliny indicated that cherry trees were located in Rome, Germany, England, and France. The Greek botanist Theophrastus described the cherry circa 300 BC, but it is believed to have been cultivated even earlier. Cambridge 2000, Ensminger 1993, USDA 2018, Yilmaz 2018 History Sour cherry fruits are cordate drupes that can grow to 20 mm in length and 18 mm in width the cherry color changes from green to red as the chlorophyll content declines and polyphenol content increases during ripening. The bark is a grayish-brown and the flowers are white to pale pink the ovate leaves have serrated edging. The trees may reach about 12 m in height, with a trunk diameter of 30 to 45 cm. The sour cherry, a member of the plum genus, originated in Europe, but is widely cultivated in America. The sour cherry tree is smaller than the sweet cherry tree (Prunus avium) and is more tolerant of temperature extremes. Multiple synonyms exist for this species, including Cerasus vulgaris Mill.
There are about 270 varieties of sour cherries, a few of which are of commercial importance (eg, Montmorency, Richmond, English Morello, Balaton). Toxicologyĭata regarding toxicity with the use of sour cherry are limited. A case report described a decline in renal function (which was reversible) attributed to daily ingestion of cherry juice concentrate. InteractionsĬlinical studies generally report tolerability of sour cherry fruit juice and concentrate. Avoid dosages above those found in food because safety and efficacy are unproven. Sour cherry has generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status when used as food. In individuals allergic to cherries, sour cherries or derived products are not recommended. ContraindicationsĪnaphylaxis to cherries has been reported. Anthocyanin concentrations varied among products and formulations. Limited clinical trials have evaluated oral administration of various formulations of sour cherry juice, juice blend, or concentrate, the majority of which were made from Montmorency cherries. Larger, higher-quality clinical trials are needed before sour cherry can be recommended for these uses. Limited studies also suggest a possible hypotensive effect and a role in the management of gout and insomnia. A small number of clinical trials evaluating sour cherry juice have shown limited or equivocal results in arthritis and in alleviating muscle inflammation after strenuous exercise. Clinical Overview UseĪntioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities have been demonstrated in animal studies. Common Name(s): Montmorency cherry, Morello cherry, Pie cherry, Red cherry, Sour cherry, Tart cherry
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